Understanding PCOS and Endometriosis: Risk Factors, Effects and Prevention

Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis are two of the most common gynecological diseases known to affect most women in the world. Although the diseases are of different nature, they have a great impact on women’s health, affecting a comfortable life and a peaceful emotional state, and potentially causing long-term consequences. When women understand the risk factors, effects and preventive measures, they can take control of their reproductive health.

Risk factors for PCOS and endometriosis

1. Genetic predisposition: PCOS or endometriosis may be present in a woman’s family history, putting her at higher risk. Some genes have been linked to disruptions in hormone levels, leading to an inappropriate immune response that contributes to this disorder.
2. Hormonal imbalance: PCOS leads to increased levels of androgens (male hormones) that disrupt the cycle, resulting in the formation of ovarian cysts. In endometriosis, there is an influence or level of estrogen that promotes the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.
3. Lifestyle and diet: Lack of exercise, poor diet and stress are the main risk factors for PCOS. Diets high in sugar and processed foods have been shown to worsen insulin resistance, a key component of PCOS. Endometriosis can also be worsened by an inflammatory diet with high consumption of red meat and processed foods.
4. Stress: Chronic stress only increases hormonal imbalances and weakens the immune system, making women more susceptible to both PCOS and endometriosis. Cortisol released by stress is thought to affect insulin levels and lead to worsening symptoms such as irregular periods, weight gain and abdominal pain.
5. Environmental toxins: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in plastics, pesticides and personal care products are thought to affect hormone levels and immune function, predisposing women to both conditions.
6. Early onset of menstruation: Girls whose menstruation starts relatively early tend to be more prone to developing endometriosis. This is particularly because they are exposed to higher levels of estrogen over the course of their lives.

How these diseases affect the body

PCOS:
It disrupts the normal functioning of the ovaries and leads to irregular or even absent menstrual periods, infertility and multiple cysts on the ovaries. Women may also experience weight gain, acne and excessive hair growth (hirsutism). It is often accompanied by insulin resistance, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Endometriosis:
In endometriosis, tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. It thickens, grows, breaks down and bleeds during each menstrual cycle, causing severe pelvic pain, heavy blood flow and also infertility. Over time, scar tissue and adhesions can lead to chronic pain and dysfunction of an organ.

Preventive measures

1. Eat a healthy diet: A balanced diet with whole foods, vegetables, and lean protein stabilizes hormone levels and prevents inflammation. In PCOS, low glycemic index foods can also be used to control blood sugar. Anti-inflammatory foods like leafy greens and omega-3 fatty acids can also help relieve endometriosis symptoms.
2. Exercise regularly: Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain ideal weight and stabilize hormone levels. Practicing yoga or gentle exercise helps reduce stress and relieve pelvic pain.
3. Managing Stress: Chronic stress can worsen hormonal imbalances. Mindfulness exercises such as meditation, breathing exercises and yoga can help manage stress. Getting enough sleep and practicing hobbies or relaxation techniques also contribute to general well-being.
4. Avoid environmental toxins: Reduce exposure to harmful chemicals by choosing organic products, avoiding plastic food storage containers and using natural personal care products.
5. Regular medical check-ups: Early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. Women with irregular periods or chronic pelvic pain should be examined and treated by a doctor.

Diploma

The condition of PCOS and endometriosis is indeed complex, and both have genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. Therefore, given the known risks, prevention is a measure that improves a woman’s reproductive health and general well-being. Proactive treatment through diet, exercise, reducing stress levels and regular check-ups will help reduce the impact of these conditions.
Dr. Deepika Aggarwal – Director – Midwifery, CK Birla, Gurgaon